It emphasizes good governance, responsibility, leadership, and practical initiatives for local governments, communities, and citizens. Key Messages • Cities have a unique ability to address global climate change challenges. Cambridge Core - Climatology and Climate Change - Climate Change and Cities - edited by Cynthia Rosenzweig The seven "outcome targets" include: Safe and affordable housing, affordable and sustainable transport systems; inclusive and sustainable urbanization; protect the world's cultural and natural heritage; reduce the adverse effects of natural disasters; reduce the environmental impacts of cities; provide access to safe and inclusive green and public spaces. The book will be relevant to policy makers, researchers, and others with an interest in … Because of this, the international community has formed coalitions of cities (such as the C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group and ICLEI) and policy goals, such as Sustainable Development Goal 11 ("sustainable cities and communities"), to activate and focus attention on these solutions. By 2050, more than 70% of the population – 6.4 billion people – is projected to live in urban areas. This course focuses on climate change in urban areas, covering how cities are affected by climate change, how they contribute to it, as well as how they plan for it. At the same time, cities are a key contributor to climate change, as urban activities are major sources of greenhouse gas emissions. While they are major contributors to climate change, they are also particularly vulnerable to its consequences. [27] But, urbanisation in South Asia is characterized by higher poverty, slums, pollution and crowding and congestion. If we fix cities, we can fix the world. [15], Mayors National Climate Action Agenda, or Climate Mayors, is an association of United States mayors with the stated goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. All of these everyday necessities are vulnerable to changes in climate. Also the Environment and Climate Change Outlook (ECCO) project conducted by UNEP's Division of Early Warning and Assessment (DEWA) provides a global methodology which enables sub-regional and national level authorities to conduct vulnerability and impact assessments for adaptation to climate change. Cities and Climate Change reveals the importance of addressing climate change across all levels of government. A 2020 study of US cities found that 45 of the 100 largest cities in the U.S. had made commitments by 2017, which led to a reduction of 6% of U.S. emissions by 2020. [11] Urban studies scholars Michael Hebbert and Vladmir Jankovic argue that this field of research grew out of a larger body of research on the effects of urban development and living on the environment starting as early as the 1950s. All these have costly impacts on cities' basic services, infrastructure, housing, human livelihoods and health. Canadian cities, though chronically cash-starved and dramatically impacted by COVID and climate change alike, are punching well above their weight when it comes to solutions. population. As member of the Climate Neutral Network which brings together 19 partner cities and numerous organizations, UNEP provides its expertise on environmental issues. [23], Climate impacts in rural areas, such as desertification, biodiversity loss, soil erosion and declines in agricultural productivity, are also driving rural-urban migration of poor rural communities to cities. One of these collaborations is a Joint Work Programme between UNEP, the World Bank, UN-Habitat, under the facilitating role of Cities Alliance to address cities and climate change. Cutting emissions will also reduce local pollution from industries and transport, thus improving urban air quality and the health of city dwellers. Opt not to print. Cities, while being the main cause of climate change, are also the most affected. 5 Global Cities Tackling Climate Change and Inequality From sustainable urban farming to infrastructure combating floods, projects launched by these global cities are winning plaudits. Cities are responsible for the climate-sensitive development of their urban areas. You need to pass a quiz after the module to receive your certificate from UN-Habitat and UNITAR. The module will cover both how cities are affected by climate change and how cities are contributing to climate change. Local involvement through “climate-conscious” urban planning and management can help achieve national climate goals and minimise tradeoffs between environmental and economic priorities at local levels. Climate change is a uniquely complex challenge and one that will require simultaneous interventions from all levels of government. City life is highly dependent on services such as electrical power, drinking water, and transportation. Legal. By 2050, between 65% … This report, cities and climate change: an urgent agenda focuses on three broad issues pertaining to cities and climate change. Cities and Climate Change reveals the importance of addressing climate change across all levels of government. [3] Hence, cities have a significant influence on construction and transportation—two of the key contributors to global warming emissions. Cities and Climate Change As the hubs of economic activity, cities drive the vast majority of the world’s energy use and are major contributors to global greenhouse gas emissions. As the hubs of economic activity, cities generate the bulk of GHG emissions and are thus important to mitigation strategies. [30] A study done of selected Himalayan cities in India and Nepal found that none of them have a robust system of water planning and governance to tackle the water challenges emerging from rapid urbanization and climate change. Infographic In general, city dwellers live in areas most prone to the effects of climate change. How can regions and cities become leaders in addressing climate change? A report by the C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group described consumption based emissions as having significantly more impact than production-based emissions within cities. Thinking and acting at a local level helps communities fight climate … [3] Moreover, because of processes that create climate conflict and climate refugees, city areas are expected to grow during the next several decades, stressing infrastructure and concentrating more impoverished peoples in cities.[4]. But cities are as vulnerable as they are powerful. United Nations (2017) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017, United Nations Economic and Social Council (2020), concentrating more impoverished peoples in cities, largely due to cement's outsized role in climate change, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, United States withdrawal from the Paris agreement, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Climate change and cities: a prime source of problems, yet key to a solution", "Cities: a 'cause of and solution to' climate change", "Summary for Urban Policymakers – What the IPCC Special Report on 1.5C Means for Cities", "With people crowding into urban areas, how can cities protect themselves against climate change? Often local climate policies in cities, preempt larger policies pursued by the states or federal government. In some cities, it’ll be like moving two states south. The Cities and Climate Change Project - Pilot Program for Climate Resilience of Mozambique has an objective that would remain unchanged. Climate change is delivering a one-two punch of more severe storms and rising seas to coastal cities. Founded in 2013 in Miami, Urban Us is a venture fund focused on start-ups upgrading cities for climate change. [1][2] More than half of the world's population is in cities, consuming a large portion of food and goods produced outside of cities. Most Europeans now live in cities, so the choices we make about urban infrastructure will have a large influence on how well we cope with climate change. Hence, cities have a significant influence on construction and transpo… [11], Two international assessments have been published by the Urban Climate Change Research Network at the The Earth Institute at Columbia University. The network's objective is to make the shift to a low-emissions and eventually climate neutral society. The contributing role of cities in accentuating the effects of climate change is increasingly demonstrated in the literature, underscoring the unsustainable models on which urban life has been made to thrive. The Course on Planning for Climate Change in African Cities provides the foundation for understanding cities’ exposure and sensitivity to climate change, and how cities can manage these impacts in the face of growing uncertainty. However, cities are not just drivers of climate change, they are also particularly affected by it. Moreover, because most cities have been built on rivers or coastal areas, cities are frequently vulnerable to the subsequent effects of sea level rise, which cause coastal flooding and erosion , and those effects are deeply connected with other urban environmental problems, like subsidence and aquifer depletion. [5] Climate adaptation and mitigation investments in cities will be important in reducing the impacts of some of the largest contributors of greenhouse gas emissions: for example, increased density allows for redistribution of land use for agriculture and reforestation, improving transportation efficiencies, and greening construction (largely due to cement's outsized role in climate change and improvements in sustainable construction practices and weatherization). Because of high density and effects like the urban heat island effect, weather changes due to climate change are likely to greatly effect cities, exacerbating existing problems, such as air pollution, water scarcity and heat illness in the metropolitan areas. In addition, the module will look at how climate change adaptation and mitigation can be considered in urban planning and identify concrete measures. In 2018, 4.2 billion people, or 55 percent of the world's population, lived in cities. Based on city-level assessments of climate vulnerability or emissions, to date UN-Habitat has supported over twenty-five cities worldwide to elaborate a climate change strategy or climate action plan in order to provide for effective and well sequenced follow-on action, e.g., building the climate-resilience of the most vulnerable communities. 5 Global Cities Tackling Climate Change and Inequality From sustainable urban farming to infrastructure combating floods, projects launched by these global cities are winning plaudits. Over 90% of all urban areas are coastal, putting most cities on Earth at risk of flooding from rising sea levels and powerful … Cambridge Core - Climatology and Climate Change - Climate Change and Cities - edited by Cynthia Rosenzweig Most Europeans now live in cities, so the choices we make about urban infrastructure will have a large influence on how well we cope with climate change. Because they are home to major infrastructure and highly concentrated populations, cities are also vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, such as rising sea levels, warmer temperatures and fiercer storms. As key sites in the production and management of emissions of greenhouse gases, cities will be crucial for the implementation of international agreements and national policies on climate change. Choices made in cities today about long-lived urban infrastructure will determine the extent and impact of climate change, our ability to achieve emission reductions [22] African cities are exposed to multiple climate threats including floods, drought, water stress, sea level rise, heat waves, storms and cyclones, and the related effects of food insecurity and disease outbreaks like Cholera and Malaria from floods and droughts. If we redesign our cities to be circular, regenerative and equitable, not only can we eliminate most of the impact humanity is causing globally — we also can create a future to look forward to. First, climate change is a cumulative process. The main goal of the CitiesIPCC campaign and the IPCC Co-Sponsored Cities and Climate Change Science conference was to engage the scientific community in the next frontier of research focused on the science of cities and climate change. [44] The 17 SDGs take into account that action in one area will affect outcomes in other areas as well, and that development must balance social, economic and environmental sustainability. Cities and Climate Change Climate Policy, Economic Resilience and Urban Sustainability. The C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group is a group of 96 cities around the world that represents one twelfth of the world's population and one quarter of the global economy. How we live and work together in communities and cities can have a huge impact in tackling climate change. Sustainable Development Goal 11 (SDG 11 or Global Goal 11) is about "sustainable cities and communities" and is one of 17 Sustainable Development Goals established by the United Nations General Assembly in 2015. © UNEP Terms of Use Privacy Report a project concern. Africa is urbanizing faster than any other continent. Estimates suggest that cities are responsible for 75 percent of global CO2 emissions, with transport and buildings being among the largest contributors. Many cities are already doing a lot by using renewable energy sources, cleaner production techniques and regulations or incentives to limit industrial emissions. Solar power charges pandemic recovery for indigenous farmers in Viet Nam, Sustainable consumption and production policies, Building sector emissions hit record high, but low-carbon pandemic recovery can help transform sector – UN report, Halving food waste and raising climate ambition: SDG 12.3 and the Paris Agreement. SDG 11: Sustainable cities and communities, Global Covenant of Mayors for Climate & Energy, CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2021 (, CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (. [40] Steering Committee members include: Accra, Bogota, Boston, Buenos Aires, Copenhagen, Dhaka, Dubai, Durban, Hong Kong, London, Los Angeles, Milan, Seattle, and Stockholm. Cities are what we call a “leverage point” — a place in the system where positive change can have a disproportionately beneficial impact. Save the planet. Cities are also one of the most vulnerable parts of the human society to the effects of climate change, and likely one of the most important solutions for reducing the environmental impact of humans. Our workshop “Cities and regions: Leaders in addressing climate change” illustrated how regional and city governments are increasingly initiating action on climate change and presented examples which can be an inspiration for other cities. [31], Cities play an important role in investing in climate innovation in the United States. Lists of high impact climate change solutions tend to include city-focused solutions; for example, Project Drawdown recommends several major urban investments, including improved bicycle infrastructure,[6] building retrofitting,[7] district heating,[8] public transit,[9] and walkable cities as important solutions.[10]. More frequent rainfall, flooding, and heatwaves are likely to be among the challenges that Europe’s cities will face from climate change. Local involvement through “climate-conscious” urban planning and management can help achieve national climate goals and minimise tradeoffs between environmental and economic priorities at local levels. Cities represent a challenge and an opportunity for climate change policy. ", "Living laboratories for sustainability: Exploring the politics and epistemology of urban transition", "Urban Living Labs : Towards an Integrated Understanding of Their Key Components", "World Urbanization Prospects - Population Division - United Nations", "Africa 2063: How Cities Will Shape the Future of a Continent", "Inspiring Climate Action in African Cities: Practical Options for Resilient Pathways", "African Cities and the Development Conundrum . At the same time, cities are a key contributor to climate change, as urban activities are major sources of greenhouse gas emissions. Estimates suggest that cities are responsible for 75 percent of global CO2 emissions, with transport and buildings being among the largest contributors. SDG 11 has 10 targets to be achieved, and this is being measured with 15 indicators. [32][33][34], Founded in 2014, the organization received one million dollars in start-up funding from the Clinton Global Initiative to support the founding mayors' efforts to organize cities in advance of the signing of the 2015 Paris Agreement.[35]. Most cities are situated near water putting them at risk from rising sea levels and storms. Climate Change is one of the most pressing challenges of our times. Cities have a key role to play in addressing the global climate change challenge. [29] Urban water access is particularly critical in South Asia as it remains home to more than 40% of the world’s poor (living on less than USD 1.25 per day) and 35% of the world’s undernourished. Economic damage caused by natural disasters is particularly extensive in cities and poorer inhabitants in particular are often entirely defenceless against extreme weather. It contains one module which takes around 2 hours to complete. Only with a coordinated approach and action at the global, regional, national and local levels, can success be achieved. Climate change is a global phenomenon that largely impacts urban life. [37] Created and led by cities, C40 is focused on tackling climate change and driving urban action that reduces greenhouse gas emissions and climate risks, while increasing the health, wellbeing and economic opportunities of urban citizens. [41], Working across multiple sectors and initiative areas, C40 convenes networks[42] of cities providing a suite of services in support of their efforts, including: direct technical assistance; facilitation of peer-to-peer exchange; and research, knowledge management & communications. The three "means of achieving" targets include: Strong national and regional development planning; implement policies for inclusion, resource efficiency and disaster risk reduction; support least developed countries in sustainable and resilient building.[44][46]. In addition, the module will look at how climate change adaptation and mitigation can be considered in urban planning and identify concrete measures. [48] Thus cities are both an important cause for and solution to climate change. Supreme Court weighs in on cities' climate change lawsuits. Several major international communities of cities and policies have been formed to include more cities in climate action. [19] Increasing attention is being paid to the important role of peri-urban areas in urban climate resilience, particularly regarding the ecosystem services that these areas provide and which are rapidly deteriorating in Sub-Saharan Africa. Climate change threatens to make cities all around the world uninhabitable, prompting a level of climate action unparalleled at state and national levels. For example, following the United States withdrawal from the Paris agreement a coalition of cities, under the banner of Mayors National Climate Action Agenda. [25] Peri-urban ecosystems can provide functions such as controlling floods, reducing the urban heat island effect, purifying air and water, supporting food and water security, and managing waste. Our country is well-served by this ambition. The world is becoming more and more urban, and therefore cities are important actors in addressing climate change. [20] This rapid urbanization, coupled with the many interlinked and complex challenges as a result of climate change, pose a significant barrier to Africa's sustainable development. Rising global temperatures causes sea levels to rise, increases the number of extreme weather events such as floods, droughts and storms, and increases the spread of tropical diseases. [47] Sustainable development cannot be achieved without significantly transforming the way we build and manage our urban spaces. [12] The first of which was published in, the first of which (ARC3.1) was published in 2011,[13] and the second of which (ARC3.2) was published in 2018. C40 is also positioning cities as a leading force for climate action around the world, defining and amplifying their call to national governments for greater support and autonomy in creating a sustainable future.[43]. Are you sure you want to print? ", "Bicycle Infrastructure @ProjectDrawdown #ClimateSolutions", "Building Retrofitting @ProjectDrawdown #ClimateSolutions", "District Heating @ProjectDrawdown #ClimateSolutions", "Public Transit @ProjectDrawdown #ClimateSolutions", "Walkable Cities @ProjectDrawdown #ClimateSolutions", "Cities and Climate Change: The Precedents and Why They Matter", "Cities are pledging to confront climate change, but are their actions working? Energy efficient buildings, low carbon public transport and encouraging cycling and walking are essential to cutting CO 2 emissions. [45] The targets of SDG 11 include investment in public transport, creating green public spaces, and improving urban planning and management in participatory and inclusive ways. It is essential, therefore, to make cities an integral part of the solution in fighting climate change. Cities are being greatly affected, with more than half of the world’s population living in urban areas, of which nearly a billion in slums. Actors and Agency in the Urban Grey Zone", "Pathways for resilience to climate change in African cities", "Ecosystem services potential for climate change resilience in peri-urban areas in Sub-Saharan Africa", "Why Peri-urban Ecosystem Services Matter for Urban Policy", "A global assessment of the impact of climate change on water scarcity", "Scarcity Amidst Plenty: Lower Himalayan Cities Struggling for Water Security", "#ClimateMayors adopt, honor and uphold #ParisAgreement goals", "As Trump Signals Climate Action Pullback, Local Leaders Push Forward", Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, "What are the Sustainable Development Goals? UN-Habitat's Cities and Climate Change Initiative (CCCI) seeks to enhance the preparedness and mitigation activities of cities in developing countries. UN-Habitat’s Cities and Climate Change Initiative (CCCI) is the Agency’s flagship Initiative supporting cities in emerging and developing countries to address the climate challenge.The Initiative supports cities responding to the negative impact of climate change that is already being felt worldwide, and to put in place appropriate mitigation measures. [1] Cities are also one of the most vulnerable parts of the human society to the effects of climate change,[2] and likely one of the most important solutions for reducing the environmental impact of humans. Plastic packaging accounts for 50 per cent of plastic waste. A third report is being developed as of 2020. Watch how the climate could change in these US cities by 2050. Cities in different parts of the world face different, unique challenges and opportunities in the face of climate change. By 2050, the urban population is expected to reach 6.5 billion. Inland, changes in weather patterns and extremes could threaten cities with both too much water (in the form of overland or flash flooding) and too little water (in the form of extended perio… They often lie on coasts, rivers, deltas or mountain slopes and are thus exposed to huge risks. [27] Despite being a water-rich zone, climate projection models suggest that by 2050, between 52–146 million people living in South Asia could face increased water scarcity due to climate change, accounting for 18% of the global population exposed to water scarcity. This book provides a critical analysis of the role of cities in addressing climate change and the prospects for urban sustainability. [17][16] for example the book Life After Carbon documents a number of cities which act as "urban climate innovation labratories".[18]. … [12] These papers act as summaries of the scholarship for the field similar to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reports. It does so by introducing the basic concepts of urban resilience and adaptation, by using illustrative case studies in different African cities. Authors: Allam, Zaheer, Jones, David, Thondoo, Meelan Free Preview. [19] It is estimated that by 2030, more than one billion Africans will live in cities. Cities are central to the fight against climate change, but the IPCC recently noted that many cities — and particularly those in the developing world — lack the institutional, financial and technical capacities needed to switch to low emission development paths. The SDG 11 is to "Make cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable". We’ve since expanded to New York, Los Angeles and San Francisco, and have made over 100 investments across the globe. • Cities are home to more than half of the world’s population and much of the world’s industry. [39] The rotating Steering Committee of C40 mayors provides strategic direction and governance. [21] Much of this urban development is informal, with urban residents settling in informal settlements and slums often on the outskirts of cities. Rising global temperatures causes sea levels to rise, increases the number of extreme weather events such as floods, droughts and storms, and increases the spread of tropical diseases. To strengthen municipal capacity for sustainable urban infrastructure provision and environmental management which enhance resiliency to … Climate change and cities are deeply connected, with cities being one of the greatest contributors to climate change. More than half of the world's population is in cities, consuming a large portion of food and goods produced outside of cities. Cities are home to half the world’s population and produce around 75% of the world’s GDP and greenhouse gas emissions. Integrated Research and Action for Development (IRADe) was designated as a Centre of Excellence (CoE) for Urban Development and Climate Change in year 2008, by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, Government of India. The module will cover both how cities are affected by climate change and how cities are contributing to climate change. 70% of cities are already dealing with the effects of climate change, and nearly all are at risk. At the same time, the exposed infrastructure and prevalent coastal location of many cities makes them common targets for climate change impacts such as sea level rise and fiercer storms. All three work closely with the 13-member Steering Committee, the Board of Directors[38] and professional staff. Critical analysis of the world 's energy, and practical initiatives for local governments communities! How climate change and how cities are responsible for 75 percent of the climate could change in these US by. 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