1 1. It contributes to cures and treatments that save human lives. The validity and even humanity in animal testing is something on the margins of morale, it is not something done out of joy, it is not pleasurable for the testers or the tested themselves. [109][110] Animal tests on the arthritis drug Vioxx showed that it had a protective effect on the hearts of mice, yet the drug went on to cause more than 27,000 heart attacks and sudden cardiac deaths before being pulled from the market. Animal testing (sometimes also referred to as animal experimentation or animal research) has become quite popular over the past decades. Kabene, S., & Baadel, S. (2019). Basically, whether this practice is good or bad really depends on who you are asking. Animal Testing Pros and Cons list. Throughout history, animal experimentation has played an important role in leading to new discoveries and human benefit. [5] Later tests on pregnant mice, rats, guinea pigs, cats, and hamsters did not result in birth defects unless the drug was administered at extremely high doses. Saving valuable human lives: When a new chemical or substance is found to affect body physiology, it is first evaluated on animals. (2020, March 18). If it does, then it can be tested on humans with a lower risk of a negative outcome. From the view of sentiency, it is mentioned that all living things are morally equivalent. [17] Because animals and humans are so biologically similar, they are susceptible to many of the same conditions and illnesses, including heart disease, cancer, and diabetes. Relevance? Animal testing and cruelty simply occur because it is … Because of animal … Animal Testing Pros And Cons. It would be unethical to perform invasive experimental procedures on human beings before the methods have been tested on animals, and some experiments involve genetic manipulation that would be unacceptable to impose on human subjects before animal testing. 1. 3. [137] At least 37 countries have banned or restricted the sale of cosmetics with ingredients tested on animals, including nations in the European Union. But on the other side of the coin, critics are also pushing their reasons why the practice should not be continued, with animal suffering and ethical issues as their biggest concerns. Some of the tests that these animals are subjected to are … We have experts for any subject. Human Cloning Pros and Cons. Animal experimentation and testing is regulated by the Animal Welfare Act, which defines animal as any warm blooded animal. Pros of Animal Experimentation The purpose of animal experimentations is for positive uses and the following are the advantages of using such experimentations: Finding out treatments and … Animal testing is a process that has been going on for centuries for numerous reasons, such as developing medical treatments, determining the toxicity of certain medications, confirming the safety of a product designed for humans, and other health care uses. However, what many people tend to forget are the great numbers of animal subjects that have suffered serious harm during the process of experimentation. The Pros and Cons of Animal Testing Animal testing or animal experimentation is the process of using non-humans for the purpose of experimentation. As you can see, the drug was almost shelved because it proved dangerous for animals, which could have lead to the difficulty of lowering the risk of organ rejection during transplants. [141] Peter Hotez, Dean for the National School of Tropical Medicine at Baylor College, said, “The way you reduce that risk is first you show it does not occur in laboratory animals.” [119], A living systems, human beings and animals are extremely complex. 1123 Words 4 Pages. Some of the most beneficial things that have come from medical testing on animals are Penici… Studying cell cultures in a petri dish, while sometimes useful, does not provide the opportunity to study interrelated processes occurring in the central nervous system, endocrine system, and immune system. Human lives should not be put at risks by letting them volunteer for testing medicines for potential toxicity or side effects, as well as for manipulating genes. 13 Pros And Cons of Animal Testing Pros of Animal Testing. Many Animals Not Protected. The use of animals for research goes back to Greek and Roman times. Pros or Postives of Animal Testing 1. Animal Experimentation. Animal Research in Medical Science: Pros and Cons. . A Jan. 2020 report from the USDA showed that in one year of research, California used more cats (1,682) for testing than any other state. 1. 0. [36][37][38][39][40], American women use an average of 12 personal care products per day, so product safety is of great importance. [30], Research animals are cared for by veterinarians, husbandry specialists, and animal health technicians to ensure their well-being and more accurate findings. Animal models of depression: pros and cons. Considering that human beings can live up to 80 years or more, scientists who are conducting tests would be dead before they can gather results. Testing … It uses animals, which many people believe to be poor test subjects. 5 Answers. [15] Technological advancements in 3D printing allow the possibility for tissue bioprinting: a French company is working to bioprint a liver that can test the toxicity of a drug. Some experiments also include the administration of lethal doses of certain chemicals to determine how much would kill animals. Animals have a right to lead a life free from pain, without being abused by humans. Most major research institutions’ programs are voluntarily reviewed for humane practices by the Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care International (AAALAC). The Pros And Cons Of Animal Testing 906 Words | 4 Pages. This e… Retrieved from https://animal-testing.procon.org/, ProCon.org. Animal testing … animal experimentation cons and pros ? It allows researchers to study test subjects for an entire life span. Saving valuable human lives: When a new chemical or substance is found to affect body physiology, it is first evaluated on animals. The main reason behind this is the fact that scientists … Read the overview below to gain a balanced understanding of the issue and explore the previews of opinion articles that highlight many perspectives on animal testing. [15], Conditions such as blindness and high blood pressure cannot be studied in tissue cultures. … One company working on a COVID-19 vaccine, Moderna Therapeutics, worked on developing a vaccine using new technology: instead of being based on a weakened form of the virus, it was developed using a synthetic copy of the COVID-19 genetic code. [9] Evaluating a drug for side effects requires a circulatory system to carry the medicine to different organs. Considering these facts, animals are being accepted as appropriate research subjects. [20], Vaccines tested on animals have saved millions of animals that would otherwise have died from rabies, distemper, feline leukemia, infectious hepatitis virus, tetanus, anthrax, and canine parvo virus. "Animal Testing." It provides an ethical alternative solution to testing. Researchers Joseph and Charles Vacanti grew a human "ear" seeded from implanted cow cartilage cells on the back of a living mouse to explore the possibility of fabricating body parts for plastic and reconstructive surgery. be aware of the topic animal testing. This is the reason of the American Veterinary Medical Association to endorse this practice. Here are the proper bibliographic citations for this page according to four style manuals (in alphabetical order): [Editor's Note: The APA citation style requires double spacing within entries. This paper will argue the pros and the cons of animal testing and reach the conclusion that widespread gratuitous testing goes too far and needs to be subjected to a standard of ethical evaluation that considers the rights of the animals. It contributes to cures and treatments that save human lives. 31 Jan. 2018. 1. Animals are used to develop medical treatments, determine the toxicity of medications, check the safety of products destined for human use, and other biomedical, commercial, and health care uses. Animal Experimentation : The Pros And Cons Of Animal Rights 999 Words | 4 Pages. 4. Harro, J. [132], Chimpanzees share 99% of their DNA with humans, and mice are 98% genetically similar to humans. Animal Testing – Should Animals Be Used for Scientific or Commercial Testing? Pros and Cons; Advances; Medicinal Animal Experimentation: Pointless Cruelty or Necessary Evil . that function in essentially the same way with the help of a bloodstream and central nervous system. Some of these animals include pigs, monkeys, cats, rabbits, chimpanzees, among others. Pros of Animal Testing. So there, we are given a reason to submit the simple question of whether animal testing should be permitted at all. Animal Experimentation Pros and Cons. The cons of animal testing are quite compelling, with alternatives available that offer more reliable results without inflicting pain on defenseless animals. From 3 hours. [28] The types of animals covered by the AWA account for fewer than one million animals used in research facilities each year, which leaves around 25 million other animals without protection from mistreatment. Animal Research: The Pros And Cons Of Animal Testing 1262 Words | 6 Pages. Animal Cruelty Many of the animals that are used in labs for medical research are left traumatized, permanently disabled, or even dead. Failed attempts at experiments lead to animals dying a very painful death. Tweet on Twitter. [44], According to Humane Society International, animals used in experiments are commonly subjected to force feeding, food and water deprivation, the infliction of burns and other wounds to study the healing process, the infliction of pain to study its effects and remedies, and “killing by carbon dioxide asphyxiation, neck-breaking, decapitation, or other means.” [47] The US Department of Agriculture reported in Jan. 2020 that research facilities used over 300,000 animals in activities involving pain in just one year. It causes death of animals. [19] The World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki states that human trials should be preceded by tests on animals. The two main arguments regarding animal testing is that it is inhumane and abusive to animals, while others feel that because there are not enough willing people that companies need to learn and experiment somehow to better help the world, and thus turn to animals. ProCon.org. Home / Animal Testing Essay / Animal Testing Pros and Cons Sample details Get your own essay from professional writers. [13][9] The American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) endorses animal testing to develop safe drugs, vaccines, and medical devices. Here’s a look into the upside of animal testing. Pros of Animal Research “We have all benefited immensely from scientific research involving animals. According to scientists, chimpanzee DNA is 99% similar with humans, while it is 98% for mice in terms of genetics. Both of them make up 43% of the total expenditure for medical research. Some methods of animal testing … Share on Facebook. Proper citation depends on your preferred or required style manual. Mar 31, 2015. Pros and Cons of Animal Testing Aside from what anyone thinks animal testing does has positives, although some might argue that they don’t outweigh the negatives. Mandatory National Service – Should the United States Have Mandatory National Service? It uses animals that make poor test subjects. List of Pros of Animal Testing … 16 Integral Pros and Cons of Animal Experimentation. On the other hand, laboratory animals, particularly rats, can only live for 2 to 3 years, which give researchers the opportunity to study the effects of treatments and genetic manipulation over an entire lifetime. There must be a middle ground to the rules of animal testing that would keep the animal from unnecessary suffering, but would allow the scientist to … Pros and Cons of Animal Testing Animal testing (sometimes also referred to as animal experimentation or animal research) has become quite popular over the past decades. If vaccines were not tested on animals, a lot of them could have died from diseases and health conditions, such as hepatitis, rabies, leukemia, anthrax, parvo, hip dysplasia, glaucoma, etc. [41] The US Food and Drug Administration endorses the use of animal tests on cosmetics to “assure the safety of a product or ingredient.” [42] China requires that most cosmetics be tested on animals before they go on sale, so cosmetics companies must have their products tested on animals if they want distribution in one of the largest markets in the world. 5. Animal testing pros and cons background The debate about animal testing has been raging for decades. Animals are often used in experimentation of medical treatments and procedures, including testing levels of toxicity in medications, are … This is further supported by the Archives of Toxicology study in 2013, stating that the lack of direct comparison of human data versus that of a rat puts in question the usefulness of research data. [58] A study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS) found that nearly 150 clinical trials (human tests) of treatments to reduce inflammation in critically ill patients have been undertaken, and all of them failed, despite being successful in animal tests. Illegal Immigration – What Are the Solutions to Illegal Immigration in America? The aim was to avoid animal testing where possible, limit harm caused to animals during testing, and to minimize their number. [52] Paul Furlong, Professor of Clinical Neuroimaging at Aston University (UK), states that “it’s very hard to create an animal model that even equates closely to what we’re trying to achieve in the human.” [53] Thomas Hartung, Professor of evidence-based toxicology at Johns Hopkins University, argues for alternatives to animal testing because “we are not 70 kg rats.” [54], The 1950s sleeping pill thalidomide, which caused 10,000 babies to be born with severe deformities, was tested on animals prior to its commercial release. The use of animals for research goes back to Greek and Roman times. There are many opinions about the pros and cons of using animals in scientific research. [16] Artificial human skin, such as the commercially available products EpiDerm and ThinCert, can be made from sheets of human skin cells grown in test tubes or plastic wells and may produce more useful results than testing chemicals on animal skin. The US National Institutes of Health announced it would retire its remaining 50 research chimpanzees to the Federal Chimpanzee Sanctuary System in 2015, leaving Gabon as the only country to still experiment on chimps. [135], 94% of drugs that pass animal tests fail in human clinical trials. This includes new drugs as well as possible cures for many different medical problems. Proponents claim that most medical breakthroughs in the last century were direct results of animal experimentation. Animal Testing Pros And Cons. While proponents believe that humans and animals are closely related in terms of anatomy and biology, opponents think otherwise, considering the many anatomical, cellular and metabolic differences the two species have. 22 Extensive Pros and Cons of Animal Testing. While companies argue that they are simply trying to protect consumers, animal rights advocates argue that there are other methods of testing available. A… Jul 13, 2016. Below are the proper citations for this page according to four style manuals (in alphabetical order): the Modern Language Association Style Manual (MLA), the Chicago Manual of Style (Chicago), the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA), and Kate Turabian's A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations (Turabian). [138] In the US, California became the first state to make it illegal to sell most cosmetics that underwent animal testing. Animal testing is absolutely essential because it would be scientifically, medically, ethically, morally, and legally indefensible to give a human … Animal Experimentation Aside from agony and a shortened life, do animals get any benefit from being used for biomedical research? To decide whether animal testing is beneficial or not, it is best that you start learning its positive sides first like the following:Treatments Developed Have Saved LivesAnimals are the most common subject of medical testing. [105] A report on Slate.com stated that a “source of human suffering may be the dozens of promising drugs that get shelved when they cause problems in animals that may not be relevant for humans.” [106], The Animal Welfare Act (AWA) does not apply to rats, mice, fish, and birds, which account for 95% of the animals used in research. The first pro to animal testing is that it has helped us create lifesaving cures and treatments. You can’t do that on a mouse or a rabbit.” [140], A peer-reviewed study found serious flaws in the majority of publicly funded US and UK animal studies using rodents and primates: “only 59% of the studies stated the hypothesis or objective of the study and the number and characteristics of the animals used.” [64] A 2017 study found further flaws in animal studies, including “incorrect data interpretation, unforeseen technical issues, incorrectly constituted (or absent) control groups, selective data reporting, inadequate or varying software systems, and blatant fraud.” [128], Violations of the Animal Welfare Act at the federally funded New Iberia Research Center (NIRC) in Louisiana included maltreatment of primates who were suffering such severe psychological stress that they engaged in self-mutilation, infant primates awake and alert during painful experiments, and chimpanzees being intimidated and shot with a dart gun. Contributes to many cures and treatments that save many human lives. [24][25], Laboratory mice, for example, live for only two to three years, so researchers can study the effects of treatments or genetic manipulation over a whole lifespan, or across several generations, which would be infeasible using human subjects. 4. [3], All proposals to use animals for research must be approved by an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) set up by each research facility. To come up with a well-informed opinion, let us take a look at the pros and cons of animal experimentation. [68], Devoting enough money and resources to animal-free alternatives could result in the same medical advances achieved through animal testing. Also Study: Animals in Scientific Experimentation and Alternatives. 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